Proof of Work и Proof of Stake: разбираемся в чем отличия и особенности двух алгоритмов подтверждения

Напомним, сеть Ethereum халвинг начала работу на основе механизма консенсуса Доказательства доли владения 15 сентября 2022 года. В тот момент, когда пользователю удается подделать блок, остальная часть сети проверяет подлинность блока. Если это так, пользователь получает обратно заблокированную криптовалюту вместе с вознаграждением. В майнинге PoS этим вознаграждением обычно являются транзакционные сборы сети, которые добавляются к основной доле. Как вы наверняка помните, до перехода на PoS Эфириум был главной криптовалютой для майнеров — причём с точки зрения как популярности, так и доходности.

Что такое Proof of Stake (PoS): обзор, стейкинг, сравнение с PoW

алгоритм proof of stake

Самыми известными примерами можно назвать Litecoin, Dogecoin и Monero. Именно поэтому Ethereum внедрил свой протокол Casper, который позволил ему перейти от системы Proof of Work к механизму Proof of Stake. Первоначально называвшаяся Matic Network, компания Polygon была разработана для обеспечения поддержки масштабирования пруф оф ворк блокчейна Ethereum. Она была создана в 2017 году, чтобы сделать Ethereum полностью многоцепочечной системой.

Какие существуют алгоритмы консенсуса

Она использовала собственный протокол под названием Snow, а также подсети для достижения высокой скорости транзакций и низкой задержки при сохранении масштабируемости. В майнинге PoS большинство сетей устанавливают минимальную сумму, превышающую стоимость вознаграждения за блоки. Таким образом, вознаграждение за мошенничество очень мало, в то время как ценность риска очень велика.

алгоритм proof of stake

Как выбрать лучшую криптовалюту для майнинга?

Для этого они должны использовать свои закрытые ключи, доказывая свое участие (отсюда и название) количеством предложенных биткоинов. Согласно отчету Global Bitcoin Mining Data, в первом полугодии 2021 года для майнинга биткоина использовались преимущественно возобновляемые источники энергии. Фактически сеть Bitcoin потребляет только 0.122% мировой энергии.

алгоритм proof of stake

С другой стороны, такие пулы меньше всего заинтересованы в том, чтобы скомпрометировать сеть, ведь они вкладываются в неё больше всего. Модель PoW требует значительных затрат на майнинг, что позволяет при ее использовании обеспечить более децентрализованную структуру. Сетью владеют и управляют тысячи нод по всему миру, образуя децентрализованную и защищенную систему. Хотя атака 51% при алгоритме PoW выглядит как нечто из области фантастики, объединение крупнейших пулов биткоин-майнеров могло бы дать им необходимое большинство.

PoS — это механизм майнинга токенов, при котором вероятность формирования нового блока зависит от количества криптовалюты на счету участника. Чем больше у пользователя эфиров, тем выше шанс, что именно он сформирует новый блок и получит награду за это. Сейчас преобладающим механизмом этого подтверждения являетсяProof-of-Work (PoW) – «доказательство выполнения работы».

  • Попробуем разобраться, что это такое и насколько это явление распространено.
  • Кроме того, со временем в Proof of Stake увидели ряд других преимуществ, например, снижение потребления электроэнергии и большая выгода в сетях блокчейна, где все монеты уже сгенерированы.
  • Награды за майнинг биткоина высоки, что стимулирует майнеров искать альтернативные источники энергии.
  • Эта “работа” сводится к поиску числа nonce, которое, будучи добавленным к данным блока, дает хеш, начинающийся с определенного количества нулей.

Идея PoW была впервые предложена в 1993 году Мони Наором и Синтией Дворк как механизм для борьбы с DoS-атаками и спамом. Халвинг — это плановое сокращение вознаграждения за майнинг биткоина. Этот процесс называется стейкингом — альтернативной добычей монет. Пользователю не нужно покупать дорогое оборудование для открытия блоков, при этом можно использовать услуги сторонних валидаторов. Указанные ставки позволяют рассчитать доходность, но есть и сложности. В классическом CoA за генерацию блоков в конечном счете отвечает один участник, тогда как в гибридном формате это может быть группа пользователей.

Однако нет понимания в определении этих понятий, а также о том, почему «майнеры» скупают современные видеокарты создавая дефицит на рынке и создают специальные «фермы». В человеческом обществе всегда большинство составляют те, кто зарабатывает на жизнь честным трудом. К сожалению, существуют и великие комбинаторы, знающие множество способов отъема денег у тех, кто скопил их слишком много. Очевидно, что появление криптовалют и возможность добывать их на компьютерах не остались без внимания непорядочных людей.

Ведь для успешной реализации «атаки 51 процента» нужно собрать сумму, превышающую половину общей капитализации блокчейна. Впрочем, столь эффективные системы всё ещё находятся в процессе тестирования для работы в особо крупных масштабах. При большом количестве транзакций валидаторов с большИм залогом сеть «назначает» на проверку большего количества блоков. А награда распределяется пропорционально количеству завалидированных блоков. Особенность хэша в его асимметрии — он достаточно сложен для нахождения майнеру, но прост для проверки остальным участникам сети на соответствие.

Процедура по алгоритму Proof-of-Stake доступна всем пользователям. Например, для стейкинга BNB на бирже Binance нет ограничений по минимальной сумме. Новый алгоритм Proof-of-Stake нельзя назвать панацеей для рынка виртуальных валют.

Этот метод был предложен Дэном Ларимером в 2014 году и используется в таких проектах, как EOS и BitShares. Впервые идея перевода сети Dogecoin на PoS всплыла ещё в 2014 году у сооснователя блокчейна Cosmos Дже Квона. По словам Лоддера, в тот раз разработчики сошлись во мнении, что это будет «слишком сложно для пользователей и разработчиков». В целом дискуссия отошла на второй план, но так и не прекращалась.

алгоритм proof of stake

Основная идея PoS заключается в выборе валидаторов на основе их доли в сети для проверки блоков транзакций. Proof of Work (PoW) — это один из первых и наиболее известных алгоритмов консенсуса, используемый в таких криптовалютах, как Bitcoin и Ethereum (до перехода на PoS). В основе PoW лежит решение сложных математических задач, требующих значительных вычислительных ресурсов. Этот метод был предложен Сатоши Накамото в 2008 году и стал основой для первой криптовалюты — Биткоина. Процесса, в ходе которого узлы должны решать частично криптографические, частично – математические задачи для подтверждения достоверности нового добытого блока. Вот только это требует довольно мощных аппаратных устройств ASIC, которые доступны далеко не всякому.

Он основан на специальном механизме, предусматривающем определение списка пользователей сети, имеющих возможность добавлять в блокчейны новые блоки. Взамен этого участники конкретной сети получают возможность взимать комиссионный сбор за любую транзакцию, проводимую в конкретном блоке. При этом учётная запись, имеющая наивысший параметр «важности», получает привилегии выбора её для осуществления блочных сборов. При этом ведущий представитель (набравший в голосовании больше всех голосов) может осуществлять проверку финансовых операций других участников.

Одним из основных отличий различных криптовалютных сетей является тип используемых алгоритмов консенсуса. Консенсус в блокчейне представляет собой процесс, при котором достигается согласие — десятки и сотни узлов (нод) системы должны утвердить как верное единственное решение. Если консенсус достигнут — результаты операции фиксируются в блокчейне. В комьюнити любителей криптовалюты Dogecoin ведутся горячие дискуссии о возможном переводе проекта на алгоритм консенсуса Proof-of-Stake (PoS). В целом у инициативы есть как противники, так и сторонники, однако как минимум пока большинство предварительно выступает против возможного апгрейда проекта.

Но если пользователь хочет вывести из стака монеты и заработанное вознаграждение, то сразу он не сможет этого сделать. Потому как сеть должна проверить добавленные им блоки, чтобы убедиться, что они достоверны. Валидаторы, успешно создающие блоки, получают награды в виде транзакционных сборов или выпуска новых монет. Однако, если валидаторы неправильно действуют или не соблюдают правила сети, они могут быть подвергнуты штрафам, включая потерю стейка. В PoW майнеры выступают в качестве узлов — они проверяют и подтверждают транзакции. Участники собираются в один пул, чтобы увеличить шансы на нахождение блока и получение вознаграждения.

Чтобы избежать подобных недостатков, криптовалюты переводят на протокол Proof-of-Stake (PoS). Это альтернативный способ подтверждения выполненной работы, в котором вместо оборудования для майнинга используются цифровые активы. При PoW от каждого пользователя, который принимает участие в подтверждении, требуется доказательство выполненных вычислительных операций — это предотвращает спамерские и DoS-атаки на сети. Получается, что майнеры конкурируют за создание последующих блоков транзакций. Майнеру-победителю начисляется награда в виде криптовалютных токенов, за то что он потратил на поиски решения свои ресурсы.

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This.How could Wang Matchmaker have the nerve to go to Chu s house and open her mouth Mrs.Discuss, let the confidants and the servants who signed the death contract guard outside the study, no one is allowed to come near.

Lin Zhilan kowtowed, stood up cautiously, looked down at the tip of her shoe, not daring to look randomly.

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The power is not surprising.But Min Haoyan s flame is obviously an ordinary flame, and it can t even rank among all the flames.So, when Shao Nan came to him, Xie De agreed to Shao Nan s request almost without any hesitation.

If there is a Wangchen Pill at this time, forget the current way of heaven, and re understand a powerful way of heaven.After all, it can cause two kinds of signs.It can be seen that your friend s refining level is quite good.

So much so that when Chai Jingming saw the late stage state of Shaonan Jindan, he was so surprised that he almost threw the frying spoon out.It is precisely because the mysterious space is getting bigger and bigger, and Shao Nan enters the mysterious space in such a hurry every time, he can find that the mountain is slowly getting higher, and the others are not visible at a glance.

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It s a long story.Let s go to the conference hall first.I feel that most of them are unfamiliar, but some of them feel very friendly, and they must be the juniors of the Shao family.

For ordinary Dao Natural Sect disciples, there are two most difficult things.Absolutely not We surrounded this place like an iron barrel.

After the 5cuqnd0n Kunis Loss Grit Mila Weight Transformation To Pounds From At The Behind The fire control competition is over, this space will be open to the public , as long as you hand in enough spirit stones, you can go in for a test.Is it okay Lan Yin couldn t see the situation in the fog, and was a little anxious.

After condensing now, Shao Nan finally felt that the true qi now belonged to Much The Cider How Vinegar Weight Apple Lose Day A Fall Lea76ldu To Protocol him.After all, the formation is only supported by a thousand fire control geniuses at the Golden Core level, just like a child dancing a sledgehammer, not only can t exert much power, but it may hurt himself.

Before leaving, Shao Nan paid special attention to the seat that had been staring at him for a long time, and found that it was really empty.In two years, the only change was that five months ago, Nanpu no longer accepted Ketogenic Keto Gummies Local Supplements Near For 0n7daj Options Finding Me Your Gummies Success Boosting Keto Keto 8rzcecr Truly Gummies Boost Boost Truly With all requests for refining top level magic weapons, but would select some top level magic weapons for refining.

These forces have long listed the information of monks who may get good grades, and even earned a fortune for it.Since that s the case, let s issue a banning order It s been tens of thousands of years since there hasn t been such a big fight Longxi Shinichi finally made a decision.

Shao Nan slept for two days and two nights.During this month, Shao Nan was not only trying a lot, but also constantly calculating and thinking about how to make the Fire Sword exert its greatest power.Brother Chai, in fact, I m only in my twenties, and you re in your fifties.

This time, Chai Jingming chose the outskirts of the User Shape Benefits Keto Fresh Gummies Reviews Wk99g6x And city for the alchemy ceremony, because there were too many people, which was a bit beyond Chai Jingming s expectations.Master Abner pointed to the formation in front of Loss Game Liv Plan Weight M8cclvj Schmidt him and continued to explain.

Unexpectedly, just letting Zhenjun Puyang breathe a sigh of relief, he released such a powerful spell, which immediately reversed the situation.But Shao Nan also has his own advantages.No master craftsman has ever been able to continuously refine so many magic weapons in two 799tf19u Joe Loss Lose Wz Fat Beginners How Weight Secrets Weight Did En For years, and countless top level magic weapons have been refined.

Because it is very difficult to cultivate any kind of swordsmanship to the highest level.Therefore, we old fellows are anxious Huixu Zhenyi of the God refining Demon Sect took the lead in launching the attack.

The attack is also Acv Keto En Ketology Gummies And M57 Gummies Fxwk Bites Keto merciless, without any hold back.Holding the pass in his hand, Shao Nan was overjoyed that it was finally done.

You can do whatever you want.Haha Kid, you can choose a way to die, and I will let you die more happily.It must be.Lan Yuanzhou was still some distance away from Shaonan, so he started to shout loudly.

Just to let me understand this rapid sword control Shao Nan caught the loophole in Xiaocao er s words.Not only can you understand the real situation of the Bibo Huanyue Clan, but you can also experience the illusion of the Bibo Huanyue Clan and supplement what you have learned.

Whether Shao Nan can surpass Fan Tianyou, and what number he will be in the end, will be revealed soon.On the morning of the first day, the 5,000 names for the test stele were filled.

Even a slight change may not be able to escape the void returning consciousness, so the two never moved.Cang Yan Shinichi said the same It is to persuade Zihong Shinichi.

I will fall down if I do.As for Lan Yin, leave it to us to solve it.No matter what formation, it can t hinder it.South s existence.